Codebase

You develop your site (write code) in your codebase in your local environment.

Required directory structure

In order to correctly communicate with the platformOS engine and API, your codebase should be organized into a specific directory structure. The root directory of your project should contain the app directory.

Recommended directories and files inside the app and modules/<module name> directories

Directory/file	File type	Explanation	Learn more
.pos		Configuration file that specifies available endpoints. Usually, you want to have at least two endpoints – staging and production.	Development Workflow
assets	asset	Directory for static assets, like fonts, images, stylesheets, and scripts.	Assets
authorization_policies	Liquid	Directory for .liquid files that contains Authorization Policy configuration files. Authorization Policies define rules that control whether a user has access to a form or page.	Authorization Policies
migrations	Liquid	Directory for migration files.	Migrations
schema	YAML	Directory for .yml files that define Tables. Tables define custom objects, including their fields and associations and allow you to create persistence containers for your custom forms.	Records
emails	Liquid	Directory for .liquid files that define Email notifications.	Notifications
api_calls	Liquid	Directory for .liquid files that define API calls notifications.	Notifications
smses	Liquid	Directory for .liquid files that define SMS notifications.	Notifications
graphql	GraphQL	Directory for .graphql files, each defining one GraphQL Query. GraphQL queries retrieve information from or insert information into the databases. Retrieved information is made available in Liquid.	GraphQL
views/pages	Liquid	Directory for files that define pages, the most essential building blocks of a platformOS site.	Views
views/layouts	Liquid	Directory for layouts. Layouts are wrappers around your page content. They ensure consistent outer content for similarly designed pages.	Views
views/partials	Liquid	Directory for partials – reusable snippets of Liquid code usually used to render HTML.	Views
lib	Liquid	Directory for liquid files that implement business logic, and usually are meant to be invoked via function tag	Lib
translations	YAML	Directory for .yml files of Translations for multilingual sites, also used to define date format, or flash messages. Each file is a map of translations which can be used in your pages via Liquid.	Translations
user_profile_types	YAML	Directory for .yml files that define User Profiles. Each instance includes one user role, called ‘default’, so each instance needs to include the default.yml file inside this directory.	Users
user.yml	YAML	A yml file containing properties for all users	Users
config.yml	YAML	A yml file containing configuration flags for backwards incompatible changes	Config

Files in your codebase

Views: pages, layouts, and partials

Views are divided into three categories in your codebase, each with a mandatory subdirectory: layouts, pages, and partials.

Pages are the most essential building blocks of a platformOS site, that define content displayed at a given path. Each page is represented by a single file with a .liquid extension.

platformOS allows Liquid pages to be used to create many different types of endpoints beyond HTML, such as JavaScript, JSON, PDF, RSS, XML, etc. The page type can be specified in the page configuration.

Layouts are Liquid views that store code that would normally repeat on a lot of pages and is surrounding page content (e.g. header, footer). Without layouts, pages would share a lot of duplicated code, and changing anything would become a very time consuming and error prone process. You can create as many layouts as you need, and decide which page uses which layout.

Partials (partial templates) allow you to easily organize and reuse your code by extracting pieces of code to their own files. They help you improve code readability and follow the principle of DRY (Don’t Repeat Yourself). You can parameterize partials and use them in various places, e.g. layouts, pages.

Example directory structure of views with sample files:

app
└── views
    ├── layouts
    │   └── 1col.html.liquid
    ├── pages
    │   ├── index.html.liquid
    │   └── unauthorized.html.liquid
    └── partials
        └── layout
            ├── constants.liquid
            ├── foot.liquid
            ├── footer.liquid
            ├── head.liquid
            └── header.liquid

Lib

Lib directory is meant to help you organize your code by allowing you to place partials not only in views/partials/, but also in lib/. Both render and function tags invoke partial, however semantically they are different. The first one usually is used for presentation layer and include for example HTML, wheras the second one is meant to invoke business logic and return a valule. To not have to mix files for presentation with business logic, we've created a dedicated directory lib.

Example directory structure of lib with sample files:

app
└── lib
    └── commands
        ├── order
        │   ├── create
        │   │   ├── build.liquid
        │   │   ├── check.liquid
        │   │   └── execute.liquid
        │   └── cancel
        │       ├── build.liquid
        │       ├── check.liquid
        │       └── execute.liquid
        └── item
            └── create
                ├── build.liquid
                ├── check.liquid
                └── execute.liquid

Assets

Assets are files that can be served by an HTTP web server without any backend/server processing. They are usually Javascript files, stylesheets (CSS), documents (HTML, pdf, doc), fonts, or media (audio, video) files.

Although only the assets directory is required and you can put your assets there, we recommend you further organize your assets into subdirectories inside the assets directory, e.g. images, scripts for Javascript files, styles for CSS files, etc. This is also how the pos-cli init command will create the codebase.

Example directory structure of assets with sample files:

app
└── assets
    ├── fonts
    ├── images
    │   ├── favicon.ico
    ├── scripts
    │   ├── app.js
    │   ├── vendor.js
    └── styles
        ├── app.css
        └── vendor.css

Migrations

Migrations are liquid files, that are guaranteed to be invoked only once per environment during deploy. The file name must follow the pattern <timestamp>_<name>.liquid. The timestamp is used for uniqueness and also to know in which order migrations should be executed (which might be important).

To generate a migration with the current timestamp, you can use the following command: pos-cli migrations generate <env> <name>

Migrations are useful if you are making changes to schema in a project with existing data and need to slightly modify them, for example initiate the value.

Example directory structure of migrations with sample files:

app
└── migrations
    ├── 20200811133711_set_superadmins.liquid
    └── 20210114080833_set_defaults_for_country.liquid

[DEPRECATED] Forms

Just like in every web application, HTML forms are essential in platformOS. Because using plain HTML forms can get difficult to maintain with complex data structures, we provide multiple tools that make working with forms much easier.

Forms are the main tool for rendering forms, persisting data, and sending notifications (email/SMS/API) in a secure and customizable way.

They give you full control when defining:

• which fields for a defined resource can be persisted
• what authorization rules apply to be able to submit the form (i.e. if you want to edit a comment, you might want to specify that only the creator or the administrator is able to do it)
• what should happen when the form is submitted successfully (i.e. without validation errors), e.g. send an email/SMS Notifications or API call to a third party system
• where the user should be redirected

On top of that, you can define callbacks (either synchronous or asynchronous) for further modifications to the system using GraphQL mutations. For example, you can define a signup form that creates User records, and if the user input is valid, also creates a few sample products for them, so that they don’t have to start from scratch.

Example directory structure of forms with sample files:

app
└── forms
    ├── create_contact_request_form.liquid
    └── feedback_form.liquid

Users

Users are accounts that any of your users can have. Users are identified by their unique email addresses. You can define properties for all users in the user.yml file.

User Profiles: This feature is deprecated. We advise to create a table called profile with the user_id property.

Example directory structure:

app
├── user.yml

Records

Table is an object that describes all Record objects that belong to it. Think of Tables as a custom database table, which allows you to build highly customized features. Use them to group Properties, and allow the user to provide multiple values for each of them.

Properties are fields that you attach to a User Profile, Table, etc. Think of them as custom database columns (though complex types, like attachments and images should be treated as separate database tables). We also provide some Properties to jumpstart your development.

Example directory structure of schema with sample files:

app
└── schema
    └── blog_post.yml

Notifications

Notifications are messages sent to platformOS users (including admins) when something happens. A message can be an email, SMS, or programmatic call to a 3rd party API.

Notifications can be delayed, and you can use Liquid, GraphQL, and trigger conditions to decide if a notification should be sent. They are a powerful mechanism used for example to welcome new users, follow up after they've added their first item, or reach out to them if they have been inactive for a while.

Each notification has its own directory:

app
└──
  ├── api_calls
  │   └── ping_example_com_on_user_sign_up.liquid
  ├── emails
  │   └── welcome_user.liquid
  └── smses
      └── welcome_user.liquid

Authorization Policies

Authorization Policies allow you to restrict access to forms and pages in a flexible way. Each form or page can have multiple policies attached to it.

Each policy is parsed using Liquid, and the system checks them in order of their appearance in the code. Depending on policy configuration, it redirects the user to a URL provided by the developer if the condition is not met or renders error status, for example 403. You can also add a flash message for the user who failed authorization.

Example directory structure of authorization_policies with sample files:

app
└── authorization_policies
    └── example_policy.liquid

Translations

You can use platformOS to build sites in any language, and each site can have multiple language versions. Translations are yml files used for multilingual sites but also used to define date formats, flash messages or system-wide default error messages like "can't be blank".

Example directory structure of translations with sample files:

app
└── translations
    ├── en.yml
    └── pl.yml

Modules

Modules allow code reuse and sharing, while protecting the IP of creators.

In your codebase, the modules directory needs to be at the same level as the app directory.

Module code is split into 2 directories to protect IP. To create a module, split module code into public and private folders, and place all that code into the modules/MODULE_NAME directory.

These directories have the same structure as the standard app folder, but if developers try to download files after the module has been deployed to an Instance (pos-cli pull), they will only have access to the files from the public folder.

Example directory structure of modules with sample files:

app
modules
└──admincms
  ├── private
  │   └── graphql
  │       ├── get_records.graphql
  │       └── get_pages.graphql
  └── public
      └── views
        └── pages
            └── admin.liquid